促进我国社会保障事业高质量发展、可持续发展
促进我国社会保障事业高质量发展、可持续发展※
Advancing High-Quality and Sustainable Development of China’s Social Security Programs
习近平
Xi Jinping
今天，中央政治局进行第二十八次集体学习，内容是完善覆盖全民的社会保障体系。安排这次学习，目的是面向“十四五”时期发展目标任务，分析我国社会保障体系建设的现状，研究存在的问题，明确完善的思路，促进我国社会保障事业高质量发展、可持续发展。
Today, the Political Bureau is holding its 28th group study session on the theme of refining the social security system that covers the entire population. The purpose of today’s session is to advance high-quality and sustainable development of our country’s social security system by evaluating its current status, discussing existing problems, and setting clear approaches to making improvements while taking targets and tasks of the 14th Five-Year Plan into account.
社会保障是保障和改善民生、维护社会公平、增进人民福祉的基本制度保障，是促进经济社会发展、实现广大人民群众共享改革发展成果的重要制度安排，发挥着民生保障安全网、收入分配调节器、经济运行减震器的作用，是治国安邦的大问题。
The social security system provides fundamental institutional guarantees for ensuring and improving public wellbeing, safeguarding social fairness, and enhancing people’s welfare. It represents an important institutional arrangement for promoting social and economic development and enabling all people to benefit from the fruits of reform and development. It serves as a safety net protecting people’s wellbeing, a regulatory mechanism adjusting income distribution, and a shock absorber that helps keep the economy running smoothly. Thus, the social security system is an extremely important part of stable and effective governance.
我们党历来高度重视民生改善和社会保障。早在1922年，党的二大宣言中就提出了设立工厂保险、保护失业工人等改良工人待遇的主张。瑞金时期颁布的《中华苏维埃共和国劳动法》设专章规定了社会保险问题。新中国成立伊始，政务院根据《中国人民政治协商会议共同纲领》中“逐步实行劳动保险制度”的要求，于1951年颁布《中华人民共和国劳动保险条例》。改革开放后，我们把社会保障作为改善人民生活的基础民生工程，稳步推进社会保障体系建设，取得了重大进展。
Our Party has always attached great emphasis to social security and the improvement of public wellbeing. As early as 1922, the Party put forward proposals for increasing pay packages for workers, such as setting up factory insurance and protecting unemployed workers, in the manifesto of its Second National Congress. The Labor Law of the Chinese Soviet Republic, which was promulgated by the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet Republic in Ruijin, Jiangxi Province in 1931, dedicated a whole chapter to social insurance. In 1951, only two years after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Government Administration Council promulgated the Regulations on Labor Insurance in accordance with the requirement of “gradually implementing the labor insurance system” that was set forth in the Common Program of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. Since the launch of reform and opening up in 1978, the Party has steadily advanced the development of the social security system by regarding this as a basic public welfare project for improving people’s living standards, and achieved major progress in this regard.
党的十八大以来，党中央把社会保障体系建设摆上更加突出的位置，推动我国社会保障体系建设进入快车道。中央政治局会议、中央政治局常委会会议、中央全面深化改革委员会会议等会议多次研究审议改革和完善基本养老保险制度总体方案、深化医疗保障制度改革意见等，对我国社会保障体系建设作出顶层设计，改革的系统性、整体性、协同性进一步增强。我们统一城乡居民基本养老保险制度，实现机关事业单位和企业养老保险制度并轨，建立企业职工基本养老保险基金中央调剂制度。我们整合城乡居民基本医疗保险制度，全面实施城乡居民大病保险，组建国家医疗保障局。我们推进全民参保计划，降低社会保险费率，划转部分国有资本充实社保基金。我们积极发展养老、托幼、助残等福利事业，人民群众不分城乡、地域、性别、职业，在面对年老、疾病、失业、工伤、残疾、贫困等风险时都有了相应制度保障。
Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC in 2012, the CPC Central Committee has given even higher priority to the development of China’s social security system and thereafter put it on a fast track. The Political Bureau and its Standing Committee, as well as the Central Commission for Comprehensively Deepening Reform have all held multiple meetings to review and deliberate the general plan on basic old-age insurance reform and guidelines on deepening medical insurance reform. This has laid out top-level design for the development of China’s social security system, and made related reforms more systematic, holistic, and coordinated. We have established unified basic pension schemes for rural and non-working urban residents, aligned pension schemes for staff of government offices and public institutions with those for enterprises, and established a system of central regulation for enterprise employees’ basic old-age insurance funds. We have taken steps to merge the basic medical insurance schemes for rural and non-working urban residents, fully implemented the critical disease insurance system for them, and established the National Healthcare Security Administration. We have worked to expand social security coverage in an effort to ensure access for all, reduced social insurance premiums, and transferred a portion of state capital into social security funds. We have also actively developed social welfare programs in areas such as elderly care, childcare, and care for people with disabilities. Through these efforts, all members of the public, regardless of their gender, location, or occupation or whether they live in urban or rural areas, have been provided with institutional protection against risks such as old age, illness, unemployment, work-related injury, disability, and poverty.
目前，我国以社会保险为主体，包括社会救助、社会福利、社会优抚等制度在内，功能完备的社会保障体系基本建成，基本医疗保险覆盖13.6亿人，基本养老保险覆盖近10亿人，是世界上规模最大的社会保障体系。这为人民创造美好生活奠定了坚实基础，为打赢脱贫攻坚战提供了坚强支撑，为如期全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标提供了有利条件。
As it stands, a fully functional social security system primarily constituted by social insurance and supplemented by social assistance, social welfare, and benefits for entitled groups has been largely established in China. This is the world’s largest social security system, with over 1.36 billion people covered by basic medical insurance and nearly 1 billion people covered by basic old-age insurance. The system has laid solid foundations for the people to create better lives for themselves, provided strong support for securing victory in the fight against poverty, and set the stage for achieving the First Centenary Goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects on schedule.
在充分肯定成绩的同时，我们也要看到，随着我国社会主要矛盾发生变化和城镇化、人口老龄化、就业方式多样化加快发展，我国社会保障体系仍存在不足，主要是：制度整合没有完全到位，制度之间转移衔接不够通畅；部分农民工、灵活就业人员、新业态就业人员等人群没有纳入社会保障，存在“漏保”、“脱保”、“断保”的情况；政府主导并负责管理的基本保障“一枝独大”，而市场主体和社会力量承担的补充保障发育不够；社会保障统筹层次有待提高，平衡地区收支矛盾压力较大；城乡、区域、群体之间待遇差异不尽合理；社会保障公共服务能力同人民群众的需求还存在一定差距；一些地方社保基金存在“穿底”风险。对这些不足，我们必须高度重视并切实加以解决。
While fully acknowledging the achievements made thus far, we must also be clear about the system’s deficiencies as the principal challenge in Chinese society has evolved and trends including urbanization, population aging, and the diversification of modes of employment are all gathering pace. These deficiencies mainly include the following: various schemes have yet to be optimally integrated, with transfer and linkage between them not entirely unimpeded; some rural migrant workers, as well as workers engaged in flexible employment and new forms of business are not covered by the system for various reasons, such as not having applied for any insurance, forfeiting the insurance they bought, or not paying premiums; basic security schemes led and administered by the government play a dominant role in the system whilst the supplementary schemes supported by non-government sectors especially market entities remain underdeveloped; the overall management of social security schemes should be turned over to higher-level authorities in view of the significant pressure on local authorities to balance their budgets; there are still unreasonable gaps between benefits received in different regions, urban and rural areas, and by different target groups under this system; the system’s capability for providing public services cannot fully satisfy the demands of the people; in some localities, social security funds are exposed to the risk of deficit. We must take these deficiencies seriously and make concrete efforts to address them.
党的十九届五中全会为我国未来5年乃至15年的发展擘画了蓝图，要求推动全体人民共同富裕取得更为明显的实质性进展。社会保障关乎人民最关心最直接最现实的利益问题，我们要加大再分配力度，强化互助共济功能，把更多人纳入社会保障体系，为广大人民群众提供更可靠更充分的保障，不断满足人民群众多层次多样化需求，完善覆盖全民、统筹城乡、公平统一、可持续的多层次社会保障体系，进一步织密社会保障安全网。
At the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee in 2020, blueprints were drawn up for China’s development over the next 5 years and as far forward as 15 years, including the goal of making more substantial progress toward achieving common prosperity for all Chinese people. Social security is one of the most pressing concerns affecting people’s immediate interests. With this in mind, we should step up income redistribution through the system, strengthen its mutual aid function, and bring more people under its coverage, so as to provide the people with more reliable and substantial guarantees. In order to meet the people’s diverse needs on multiple levels, we should continue to develop a multi-tiered social security system that is sustainable, fair, and unified, and that covers the entire population in both urban and rural areas, making the social safety net more tightly knit.
第一，建设中国特色社会保障体系。世界各国发展水平、社会条件、文化特征不同，社会保障制度必然多种多样。我们注重学习借鉴国外社会保障有益经验，但不是照抄照搬、简单复制，而是立足国情、积极探索、大胆创新，成功建设了具有鲜明中国特色的社会保障体系。我们坚持发挥中国共产党领导和我国社会主义制度的政治优势，集中力量办大事，推动社会保障事业行稳致远；坚持人民至上，坚持共同富裕，把增进民生福祉、促进社会公平作为发展社会保障事业的根本出发点和落脚点，使改革发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民；坚持制度引领，围绕全覆盖、保基本、多层次、可持续等目标加强社会保障体系建设；坚持与时俱进，用改革的办法和创新的思维解决发展中的问题，坚决破除体制机制障碍，推动社会保障事业不断前进；坚持实事求是，既尽力而为又量力而行，把提高社会保障水平建立在经济和财力可持续增长的基础之上，不脱离实际、超越阶段。我们要坚持和发展这些成功经验，不断总结，不断前进。
First, developing a social security system with Chinese characteristics
Countries differ widely in their stage of development, social conditions, and cultural identity. As such, it is only natural that there are various forms of social security systems. Learning from the experience of other countries in the development of social security does not mean that we should simply copy them. Instead, by taking China’s realities into account, making active exploratory efforts, and taking bold steps to innovate, we have succeeded in building a social security system with distinctive Chinese characteristics.
By leveraging the political advantages of Party leadership and China’s socialist system, we have pooled resources behind major undertakings and promoted the steady and sustainable development of the social security system. By always putting people first and pursuing common prosperity, we have made improving people’s wellbeing and promoting social equity the starting point and ultimate goal of our efforts to develop the social security system, thus ensuring that the people share more fully and fairly in the fruits of reform and development. By bringing the guiding role of institutions to bear, we have bolstered the development of the social security system with a view to putting in place a sustainable, multi-level system that covers the entire population and guarantees basic needs. By adhering to the principle of advancing with the times, we have addressed issues in development with reforms and innovative thinking, and resolutely dismantled institutional barriers, driving social security programs forward on a continued basis. By adhering to the principle of seeking truth from facts, we have done everything within our capacity to raise social security benefits on the premise of ensuring sustainable growth of the economy and financial resources, thus seeing that we do not become divorced from reality or try to work beyond the stage we are at. We must uphold and develop the successful experience described above, constantly looking back on it as we keep pushing forward.
第二，科学谋划“十四五”乃至更长时期社会保障事业。党的十九届五中全会明确了“十四五”时期我国社会保障事业发展的蓝图，要逐条逐项深入研究，纳入规划，抓好落实。要坚持系统观念，把握好新发展阶段、新发展理念、新发展格局提出的新要求，在统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局、协调推进“四个全面”战略布局中思考和谋划社会保障事业发展。要树立战略眼光，顺应人民对高品质生活的期待，适应人的全面发展和全体人民共同富裕的进程，不断推动幼有所育、学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居、弱有所扶取得新进展。要增强风险意识，研判未来5年、15年乃至30年我国人口老龄化、人均预期寿命提升、受教育年限增加、劳动力结构变化等发展趋势，分析社会保障可能面临的新情况新问题，提高工作预见性和主动性，未雨绸缪采取应对措施。要拓展国际视野，关注国外社会保障发展情况，汲取经验教训，既避免像一些拉美国家那样盲目进行“福利赶超”落入“中等收入陷阱”，又避免像一些北欧国家那样实行“泛福利化”导致社会活力不足。什么时候都不能忘记一个道理，经济发展和社会保障是水涨船高的关系，水浅行小舟，水深走大船，违背规律就会搁浅或翻船。
Second, devising sound plans for China’s social security programs during the 14th Five-Year Plan period (2021-2025) and even further into the future
At the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, a blueprint for developing China’s social security programs during the 14th Five-Year Plan period was laid out, which must be studied on a per-item basis, incorporated into plans, and put into practice.
There are four principles that we must stick to when working out the plans. First, we must apply systems thinking. We need to have a good grasp of the requirements arising as we enter a new development stage, apply a new development philosophy, and foster a new development dynamic, and think about and plan for the development of social security programs as we push forward coordinated implementation of the five-sphere integrated plan and the four-pronged comprehensive strategy. Second, we must adopt a strategic perspective. In keeping with people’s expectations for a higher standard of living as well as the push to achieve well-rounded human development and common prosperity for all, we should secure new and consistent progress in ensuring access to childcare, education, employment, medical services, elderly care, housing, and social assistance. Third, we must be more mindful of risks. We should analyze the new situations and problems we may encounter in the future development of the social security system on the basis of assessing the trends toward population aging, rise of average life expectancy and average length of schooling, and changes to the workforce structure over the next 5, 15, or even 30 years. In this way, we can make our initiatives more predictive and proactive, and take precautionary measures in response. Fourth, we must take a broader view of the outside world. We should keep a close eye on the development of social security systems in other countries, and draw lessons and experience from them. This approach will help us avoid not only the blind expansion of welfare programs in some Latin American countries that has led them to fall into the middle-income trap, but also the pan-welfarism of some Nordic countries that has sapped their social vitality.
Under no circumstances can we forget the fact that economic development and social security are interlinked. The economy is like the water and social security a boat. Only a small boat can sail in shallow waters, while a large boat is suitable for deeper waters. If this objective law is violated, then the boat will run aground or capsize.
第三，深化社会保障制度改革。现在，我国社会保障制度改革已进入系统集成、协同高效的阶段。要准确把握社会保障各个方面之间、社会保障领域和其他相关领域之间改革的联系，提高统筹谋划和协调推进能力，确保各项改革形成整体合力。要强化问题导向，紧盯老百姓在社会保障方面反映强烈的烦心事、操心事、揪心事，紧盯制约社会保障体系建设的硬骨头，不断推进改革。要加快发展多层次、多支柱养老保险体系，健全基本养老、基本医疗保险筹资和待遇调整机制，扩大年金制度覆盖范围，规范发展第三支柱养老保险，积极发展商业医疗保险，更好满足人民群众多样化需求。要推动基本医疗保险、失业保险、工伤保险省级统筹，进一步明确中央与地方事权和支出责任。要把农村社会救助纳入乡村振兴战略统筹谋划，健全农村社会救助制度，完善日常性帮扶措施。要健全农民工、灵活就业人员、新业态就业人员参加社会保险制度，健全退役军人保障制度，健全老年人关爱服务体系，完善帮扶残疾人、孤儿等社会福利制度。
Third, deepening reform of the social security system
China’s social security system has now entered a new phase in which systematic, integrated, and coordinated reforms are carried out in a highly efficient manner. We must fully understand the relationships between various aspects of the social security system and between social security reform and reforms in other related fields, and boost our capacity for overall planning and coordination, so as to form synergy among various reforms. We should be more problem-oriented, and constantly promote reform by paying close attention to the social security-related issues that ordinary people are concerned about and by taking on the tough challenges that constrain development of the social security system. We must move faster to develop an old-age insurance system built upon multiple pillars and tiers, improve mechanisms for financing and adjusting benefits for basic old-age insurance and basic medical insurance, expand coverage of the annuity system, promote well-regulated growth of third-pillar pension plans, and vigorously develop commercial medical insurance so that we can meet people’s diverse needs. We should promote the unified management of basic medical insurance, unemployment insurance, and workers’ compensation systems at the provincial level, and define the fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities of the central and local governments more clearly. We need to incorporate rural social assistance into overall planning for the rural revitalization strategy, and improve rural social assistance systems and regular assistance measures. We should improve systems for migrant workers, people in flexible employment, and people engaged in new forms of business to access social security, advance support mechanisms for demobilized military personnel, promote care and service systems for elderly people, and enhance social benefit mechanisms for supporting orphans and people with disabilities.
2018年以来，我们实施了养老保险中央调剂金制度，仅去年一年，东部发达地区就拿出了1768亿元，拨付给中西部和老工业基地省份，有力缓解了社保基金收支的区域结构性矛盾，确保了养老金按时足额发放。同时，区域不平衡的问题还没有从根本上解决，要加快实现基本养老保险全国统筹。这符合社会保险“大数法则”，也是构建新发展格局的要求。
Since 2018, we have implemented the central regulation system for basic old-age insurance funds. Last year alone, eastern developed regions provided as much as 176.8 billion yuan to central and western regions and provinces with old industrial bases, thus effectively mitigating regional structural imbalances in social security funds and ensuring that pensions for retirees were paid on time and in full. However, the problem of regional imbalance has not yet been rooted out, and therefore we must move faster to bring about national unified management of basic old-age insurance funds. This is in line with the “law of large numbers” in social insurance, as well as a necessity in our efforts to foster a new development dynamic.
随着人口老龄化加速发展特别是老年人慢性病患病率的提高，加上医疗技术发展，更多疾病从“无药可医”变为“可医可控”，医保支出面临着更大压力。要坚持不懈、协同推进“三医联动”，健全筹资和待遇调整机制，推进国家组织药品和耗材集中带量采购改革，深化医保支付方式改革，完善医药服务价格形成机制，提高医保基金使用效能。
As population aging has accelerated and chronic diseases have become more common among elderly people, the development of medical technology has made more previously untreatable diseases treatable and controllable, putting more pressure on medical insurance funds. It is therefore imperative that we adhere to the integrated reform of medical treatment, medical insurance, and medicine supply. To do that, we should boost mechanisms for financing and adjusting benefits for insurance schemes, advance reform for state-organized bulk purchases of medicine and medical consumables, deepen reform of medical insurance payout models, improve price-setting mechanisms for medical services, and use medical insurance funds more efficiently.
近年来，许多人口老龄化程度较高的发达国家和新兴国家都推出了延迟法定退休年龄的改革计划，但实施起来并不太顺利。一些国家在这项改革上经历了波折。我们要合理把握改革方向、节奏、力度，加强舆论引导，最大程度凝聚全社会共识和合力，推动这项改革任务平稳落地。
In recent years, many developed countries and emerging countries with a high degree of population aging have introduced plans to raise their statutory retirement ages, but implementation has not gone very well. Some countries have experienced setbacks with such reform. We must have a rational grasp on the direction, pace, and intensity of this reform, strengthen efforts to steer public opinion on the subject, and maximize the consensus and joint efforts of the whole society, so as to advance the reform in a stable manner.
第四，推进社会保障法治化。要从立法、执法、司法、守法各环节加强社会保障工作，在法治轨道上推动社会保障事业健康发展。要加强社会保障立法工作，加快制定或修订社会保险、社会救助、社会福利等方面的相关法律，依法落实各级政府和用人单位、个人、社会的社会保障权利、义务、责任。要依法健全社会保障基金监管体系，防范化解基金运行风险，维护基金安全。要以零容忍态度严厉打击欺诈骗保、套保或挪用贪占各类社会保障资金的违法行为，守护好人民群众的每一分“养老钱”、“保命钱”和每一笔“救助款”、“慈善款”。
Fourth, promoting law-based development of social security
To advance healthy development of social security on a legal footing, we should bolster related work in all aspects of legislation, law enforcement, judicial practice, and observance of the law. We must step up social security-related legislation, moving faster to formulate or revise laws related to social insurance, social assistance, and social welfare, and ensuring that related rights, obligations, and responsibilities of governments at all levels, employers, individuals, and society are fulfilled in accordance with the law. We should improve the system for supervising social security funds through law-based methods to forestall and defuse risks to the operation of these funds and keep the funds secure. We must crack down on illegal conduct including insurance fraud, unlawful acquisition of insurance funds, or embezzlement of social security funds with a zero-tolerance stance, and protect every cent of money that people rely on to support them through old age or meet their basic needs and every cent of funds used for relief efforts or charitable endeavors.
第五，加强社会保障精细化管理。要完善从中央到省、市、县、乡镇（街道）的五级社会保障管理体系和服务网络，在提高管理精细化程度和服务水平上下更大功夫，提升社会保障治理效能。要适应人口大规模流动、就业快速变动的趋势，完善社会保险关系登记和转移接续的措施，健全社会救助、社会福利对象精准认定机制，实现应保尽保、应助尽助、应享尽享。要完善全国统一的社会保险公共服务平台，充分利用互联网、大数据、云计算等信息技术创新服务模式，深入推进社保经办数字化转型。同时，要坚持传统服务方式和智能化服务创新并行，针对老年人、残疾人等群体的特点，提供更加贴心暖心的社会保障服务。
Fifth, strengthening refined management of social security
We must improve the management system and service network for social security at five levels from the central government to provinces, cities, counties, and townships, and make greater efforts to refine management and improve services, so as to enhance the efficiency of social security governance. We should adapt to the trends of large-scale movement of population and rapid changes in employment, improve measures for social insurance registration and transfer, and refine mechanisms for accurately identifying people who are entitled to social assistance and social welfare, making it so that all eligible persons receive appropriate insurance, support, and benefits. We need to improve the national unified platform for social insurance-related public services, and make full use of the Internet, big data, cloud computing, and other information technologies to create new modes of service provision, so as to further advance digitalization of social security services. Furthermore, while pursuing the development of smart services, we should also ensure access to traditional methods of delivering services, so as to provide more considerate social security services for groups such as elderly and disabled people according to their specific needs.
第六，发挥好社会保障在应对疫情影响方面的积极作用。去年以来，面对突如其来的新冠肺炎疫情，社会保障为打赢疫情防控的人民战争、总体战、阻击战和实现决胜全面建成小康社会、决战脱贫攻坚目标任务作出了贡献。当前，全球疫情仍在扩散蔓延，我国“外防输入、内防反弹”任务仍然很重。要发挥好社会保障在助力疫情防控、稳定经济社会发展秩序中的作用。要根据形势好转变化，稳妥退出减免社保缴费等阶段性纾困政策，并同其他政策退出平稳衔接。要总结这次疫情防控的成功做法，完善我国社会保障针对突发重大风险的应急响应机制，既能抵御可以预见的生老病死等各种常规风险，又能应对难以预料的非常规风险。
Sixth, giving full play to the positive role of social security in responding to the impact of the epidemic
Since the sudden outbreak of the Covid-19 epidemic, social security has played an important part in helping us win our all-out people’s war against Covid-19, secure a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and meet our poverty alleviation objectives. At present, the virus is still spreading across the globe and our tasks in guarding against inbound cases and domestic resurgence remain heavy. We should give full play to the role of social security in epidemic prevention and control and in stabilizing the order of economic and social development. Based on the positive shift of actual conditions, we should steadily phase out temporary relief policies, such as reduction and exemption of social security payments, and smoothly align with withdrawal of other policies. It is essential that we review successful practices in epidemic prevention and control, and improve the emergency response mechanisms of China’s social security system against sudden major risks, so that we are not only able to respond to all the usual predictable risks from birth to old age, illness, and death, but also deal with unconventional risks that are difficult to predict.
最后，我强调一个问题，就是要坚持制度的统一性和规范性。我国社会保障体系建立之初，我们鼓励各地大胆创新、不断探索。现在，随着我国社会保障体系不断发展，社会保障体系建设要坚持国家顶层设计，做到全国一盘棋。要增强制度的刚性约束，加强对制度运行的管理监督。各地区务必树立大局意识，严肃落实制度改革要求，不得违规出台地方“小政策”。可以允许一定时期内存在区域间社会保障水平上的差异，但不能动摇统一制度的目标，不能自行其是、搞变通。各级党委和政府要深化对社会保障工作重要性的认识，把握规律，统筹协调，抓好党中央决策部署和各项改革方案的贯彻落实，在完善覆盖全民的社会保障体系上不断取得新成效。
Lastly, I would like to stress that we must continue to keep the social security system unified and standardized. When the system was first established, we encouraged localities to continue innovating and exploring. Now, after China’s social security system has gone through consistent development, we should ensure that further development adheres to the top-level design of the state and is unified throughout the country. We must strengthen binding constraints of the system, and bolster management and oversight on its operation. All localities must be aware of the need to think in big picture terms, fully implement requirements for institutional reform, and never launch local policies that violate regulations. Differences in social security levels between regions can be permitted for a certain period of time, but we must not be shaken from our goal of a unified system or allow local authorities to do as they please or bend the rules. Party committees and governments at all levels should deepen their understanding of the importance of social security by grasping the rules and working in a coordinated manner, and fully implement the CPC Central Committee’s decisions, plans and various reform programs, so that we can keep making new progress in improving the social security system that covers the entire population.
来源：求是 日期：2022年8月24日
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